🌊 Water-Scrum-Fall Guide

Hybrid implementation for large organizations combining waterfall governance with agile delivery

🔄 Water-Scrum-Fall Model

🌊 Waterfall Layer

Strategic planning, governance, and long-term coordination

🔄 Scrum Layer

Agile development sprints and iterative delivery

📉 Fall Layer

Operations, maintenance, and support

🌊 Waterfall Layer

Strategic planning, governance, and long-term coordination

Strategic Planning

🛠️ Activities

  • Long-term roadmap development
  • Budget allocation and approval
  • Resource planning across projects
  • Governance framework setup
  • Stakeholder alignment

📦 Deliverables

  • Multi-year roadmap
  • Budget approvals
  • Resource allocation plan
  • Governance structure

🔗 Integration Points

Waterfall PlanningScrum Sprint Planning

Quarterly planning → Sprint planning

Strategic roadmap items feed into sprint backlogs

Key Artifacts:

Roadmap itemsBudget allocationsResource assignments

Scrum Sprint ReviewWaterfall Integration

End of each sprint → Integration phase

Sprint increments feed into integration testing phase

Key Artifacts:

Working incrementsTest resultsIntegration requirements

Waterfall DeploymentFall Operations

Post-deployment → Ongoing operations

Deployed systems transition to operations and support

Key Artifacts:

Deployment documentationOperations runbooksSupport procedures

Fall SupportScrum Backlog

Ongoing → Next sprint planning

Production issues and enhancements feed back into development

Key Artifacts:

Bug reportsEnhancement requestsUser feedback

📋 Implementation Guide

✅ Best Practices

  • • Establish clear boundaries between layers
  • • Define integration points and handoff procedures
  • • Maintain separate governance for each layer
  • • Use different tools and processes per layer
  • • Ensure clear communication channels
  • • Balance structure with agility
  • • Regular synchronization meetings
  • • Document integration procedures

⚠️ Common Challenges

  • • Conflicts between waterfall and agile mindsets
  • • Handoff delays between layers
  • • Unclear ownership and accountability
  • • Over-bureaucratization of agile layer
  • • Under-planning in waterfall layer
  • • Communication gaps between layers
  • • Tool and process misalignment
  • • Resistance to hybrid approach

🎯 When to Use Water-Scrum-Fall

✅ Ideal Scenarios

  • • Large organizations with complex governance needs
  • • Regulated industries requiring documentation
  • • Projects with both strategic and tactical components
  • • Organizations transitioning from waterfall to agile
  • • Multi-team projects requiring coordination
  • • Long-term projects with evolving requirements

⚠️ Considerations

  • • Requires strong coordination between layers
  • • May slow down agile teams if not managed well
  • • Needs experienced practitioners in both approaches
  • • Can create confusion if boundaries unclear
  • • Requires cultural acceptance of hybrid model
  • • Needs clear governance and decision-making
Water-Scrum-Fall recognizes that different parts of an organization need different approaches. The key is making the boundaries explicit and ensuring smooth handoffs between layers. Don't try to force one methodology everywhere.

Scott Ambler, Agile Methodologist

I've seen Water-Scrum-Fall work well in large financial institutions. The waterfall layer handles compliance and governance, while Scrum teams deliver value quickly. The challenge is preventing waterfall bureaucracy from slowing agile teams.

Mark Lines, Disciplined Agile Expert